Rare Cardiology News

Advertisement

Disease Profile

Autosomal recessive palmoplantar keratoderma and congenital alopecia

Prevalence
Prevalence estimates on Rare Medical Network websites are calculated based on data available from numerous sources, including US and European government statistics, the NIH, Orphanet, and published epidemiologic studies. Rare disease population data is recognized to be highly variable, and based on a wide variety of source data and methodologies, so the prevalence data on this site should be assumed to be estimated and cannot be considered to be absolutely correct.

<1 >

US Estimated

Europe Estimated

Age of onset

Neonatal

ICD-10

Q82.8 Q84.0

Inheritance

Autosomal dominant A pathogenic variant in only one gene copy in each cell is sufficient to cause an autosomal dominant disease.

no.svg

Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.

rnn-autosomalrecessive.svg

X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.

no.svg

X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.

no.svg

Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.

no.svg

Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.

no.svg

Not applicable

no.svg

Other names (AKA)

Cataract, alopecia, sclerodactyly syndrome; CASS; Cataract, alopecia, sclerodactyly

Categories

Congenital and Genetic Diseases; Skin Diseases

Summary

The following summary is from Orphanet, a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs.
orphanet

Orpha Number: 1366

Definition
Autosomal recessive palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and congenital alopecia (PPK-CA) is a rare genetic skin disorder characterized by congenital alopecia and palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. It is usually associated with cataracts, progressive sclerodactyly and pseudo-ainhum.

Epidemiology
To date, autosomal recessive PPK-CA has been reported in two families (seven affected individuals). An additional sporadic patient was likely affected by the same condition.

Clinical description
Similarly to the dominant variant, autosomal recessive PPK-CA usually presents during infancy. Its very early onset is often characterized by fading of facial, scalp and body hair within the first months of life without subsequent re-growth. Body and facial keratosis pilaris are additional features which appear in the following years. Skin thickening of palms and soles develops during infancy and may have an unusual pattern affecting the two sides of fingers and palms, but usually sparing the palmar surfaces. Periungueal involvement is typical and leads to secondary nail dystrophy. Autosomal recessive PPK-CA shows a relatively more severe evolution compared to the dominant variant as many patients develop sclerodactyly, small joint contractures and pseudo-ainhum. The original family also had congenital cataract.

Etiology
The genetic basis of autosomal recessive PPK-CA is unknown.

Genetic counseling
Transmission appears to be autosomal recessive.

Visit the Orphanet disease page for more resources.

Symptoms

This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.

Medical Terms Other Names
Learn More:
HPO ID
80%-99% of people have these symptoms
Alopecia totalis
0007418
Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the skin
Absent/small skin
Absent/underdeveloped skin

[ more ]

0008065
Atypical scarring of skin
Atypical scarring
0000987
Cataract
Clouding of the lens of the eye
Cloudy lens

[ more ]

0000518
Joint stiffness
Stiff joint
Stiff joints

[ more ]

0001387
Lack of skin elasticity
0100679
Nail dystrophy
Poor nail formation
0008404
Palmoplantar keratoderma
Thickening of palms and soles
0000982
Subcutaneous nodule
Firm lump under the skin
Growth of abnormal tissue under the skin

[ more ]

0001482
Visual impairment
Impaired vision
Loss of eyesight
Poor vision

[ more ]

0000505
Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO
Amniotic constriction ring
0009775
Autosomal recessive inheritance
0000007
Camptodactyly of finger
Permanent flexion of the finger
0100490
Developmental cataract
Clouding of the lens of the eye at birth
0000519
Dry skin
0000958
Facial erythema
Blushed cheeks
Blushing
Red face
Red in the face

[ more ]

0001041
Hyperkeratosis
0000962
Keratosis pilaris
Chicken skin
0032152
Nail dysplasia
Atypical nail growth
0002164
Palmoplantar hyperkeratosis
Thickening of the outer layer of the skin of the palms and soles
0000972
Sclerodactyly
0011838

Organizations

Support and advocacy groups can help you connect with other patients and families, and they can provide valuable services. Many develop patient-centered information and are the driving force behind research for better treatments and possible cures. They can direct you to research, resources, and services. Many organizations also have experts who serve as medical advisors or provide lists of doctors/clinics. Visit the group’s website or contact them to learn about the services they offer. Inclusion on this list is not an endorsement by GARD.

Organizations Supporting this Disease

    Learn more

    These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.

    In-Depth Information

    • The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
    • Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. 
    • Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
    • PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Autosomal recessive palmoplantar keratoderma and congenital alopecia. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.