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Disease Profile

Cerebral dysgenesis, neuropathy, ichthyosis, and palmoplantar keratoderma syndrome

Prevalence
Prevalence estimates on Rare Medical Network websites are calculated based on data available from numerous sources, including US and European government statistics, the NIH, Orphanet, and published epidemiologic studies. Rare disease population data is recognized to be highly variable, and based on a wide variety of source data and methodologies, so the prevalence data on this site should be assumed to be estimated and cannot be considered to be absolutely correct.

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US Estimated

Europe Estimated

Age of onset

Infancy

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ICD-10

Q82.8

Inheritance

Autosomal dominant A pathogenic variant in only one gene copy in each cell is sufficient to cause an autosomal dominant disease.

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Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.

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X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.

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X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.

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Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.

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Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.

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Not applicable

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Other names (AKA)

CEDNIK syndrome

Categories

Congenital and Genetic Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Skin Diseases

Summary

The following summary is from Orphanet, a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs.
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Orpha Number: 66631

Definition
CEDNIK syndrome is a neurocutaneaous syndrome characterized by severe developmental abnormalities of the nervous system and aberrant differentiation of the epidermis.

Epidemiology
It has been described so far in seven affected individuals (four boys and three girls) from two consanguineous families.

Clinical description
Clinically, the patients display a unique constellation of clinical signs described with the acronym CEDNIK: CErebral Dysgenesis, Neuropathy, Ichthyosis, and palmoplantar Keratoderma.

Etiology
It is caused by mutations in the SNAP29 gene (22q11.2) which encodes a SNARE protein involved in vesicle fusion.

Genetic counseling
The disease is inherited as an autosomal recessive condition.

Visit the Orphanet disease page for more resources.

Symptoms

This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.

Medical Terms Other Names
Learn More:
HPO ID
80%-99% of people have these symptoms
Ataxia
0001251
Diffuse palmoplantar keratoderma
0007435
Downslanted palpebral fissures
Downward slanting of the opening between the eyelids
0000494
Global developmental delay
0001263
Hypertelorism
Wide-set eyes
Widely spaced eyes

[ more ]

0000316
Ichthyosis
0008064
Intellectual disability
Mental deficiency
Mental retardation
Mental retardation, nonspecific
Mental-retardation

[ more ]

0001249
Long face
Elongation of face
Increased height of face
Increased length of face
Vertical elongation of face
Vertical enlargement of face
Vertical overgrowth of face

[ more ]

0000276
Microcephaly
Abnormally small skull
Decreased circumference of cranium
Decreased size of skull
Reduced head circumference
Small head circumference

[ more ]

0000252
Poor head control
0002421
Prominent nasal bridge
Elevated nasal bridge
High nasal bridge
Prominent bridge of nose
Prominent nasal root
Protruding bridge of nose
Protruding nasal bridge

[ more ]

0000426
30%-79% of people have these symptoms
Abnormal corpus callosum morphology
0001273
Abnormality of eye movement
Abnormal eye movement
Abnormal eye movements
Eye movement abnormalities
Eye movement issue

[ more ]

0000496
Abnormality of peripheral nerve conduction
0003134
Areflexia
Absent tendon reflexes
0001284
Optic atrophy
0000648
Pachygyria
Fewer and broader ridges in brain
0001302
Peripheral neuropathy
0009830
Polymicrogyria
More grooves in brain
0002126
5%-29% of people have these symptoms
Abnormality of the dentition
Abnormal dentition
Abnormal teeth
Dental abnormality

[ more ]

0000164
Abnormality of vision
Abnormality of sight
Vision issue

[ more ]

0000504
Congestive heart failure
Cardiac failure
Cardiac failures
Heart failure

[ more ]

0001635
Depressed nasal ridge
Flat nose
Recessed nasal ridge

[ more ]

0000457
Dolichocephaly
Long, narrow head
Tall and narrow skull

[ more ]

0000268
Hypogonadism
Decreased activity of gonads
0000135
Macrotia
Large ears
0000400
Nephrotic syndrome
0000100
Proteinuria
High urine protein levels
Protein in urine

[ more ]

0000093
Seizure
0001250
Sensorineural hearing impairment
0000407
Short stature
Decreased body height
Small stature

[ more ]

0004322
Stroke
0001297
Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO
Autosomal recessive inheritance
0000007
Cortical dysplasia
0002539
Depressed nasal bridge
Depressed bridge of nose
Flat bridge of nose
Flat nasal bridge
Flat, nasal bridge
Flattened nasal bridge
Low nasal bridge
Low nasal root

[ more ]

0005280
Failure to thrive
Faltering weight
Weight faltering

[ more ]

0001508
Infantile onset
Onset in first year of life
Onset in infancy

[ more ]

0003593
Intellectual disability, progressive
Mental retardation, progressive
Progressive mental retardation

[ more ]

0006887
Intellectual disability, severe
Early and severe mental retardation
Mental retardation, severe
Severe mental retardation

[ more ]

0010864
Muscular hypotonia
Low or weak muscle tone
0001252
Optic disc hypoplasia
0007766
Palmoplantar keratoderma
Thickening of palms and soles
0000982
Polyneuropathy
Peripheral nerve disease
0001271
Progressive microcephaly
Progressively abnormally small cranium
Progressively abnormally small skull

[ more ]

0000253
Wide nasal bridge
Broad nasal bridge
Broad nasal root
Broadened nasal bridge
Increased breadth of bridge of nose
Increased breadth of nasal bridge
Increased width of bridge of nose
Increased width of nasal bridge
Nasal bridge broad
Wide bridge of nose
Widened nasal bridge

[ more ]

0000431

Diagnosis

Making a diagnosis for a genetic or rare disease can often be challenging. Healthcare professionals typically look at a person’s medical history, symptoms, physical exam, and laboratory test results in order to make a diagnosis. The following resources provide information relating to diagnosis and testing for this condition. If you have questions about getting a diagnosis, you should contact a healthcare professional.

Testing Resources

  • The Genetic Testing Registry (GTR) provides information about the genetic tests for this condition. The intended audience for the GTR is health care providers and researchers. Patients and consumers with specific questions about a genetic test should contact a health care provider or a genetics professional.

    Organizations

    Support and advocacy groups can help you connect with other patients and families, and they can provide valuable services. Many develop patient-centered information and are the driving force behind research for better treatments and possible cures. They can direct you to research, resources, and services. Many organizations also have experts who serve as medical advisors or provide lists of doctors/clinics. Visit the group’s website or contact them to learn about the services they offer. Inclusion on this list is not an endorsement by GARD.

    Organizations Supporting this Disease

      Learn more

      These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.

      Where to Start

      • DermNetNZ provides information on ichthyosis in general. DermNetNZ is an online resource about skin diseases developed by the New Zealand Dermatological Society Incorporated.

        In-Depth Information

        • The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
        • Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. 
        • Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
        • PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Cerebral dysgenesis, neuropathy, ichthyosis, and palmoplantar keratoderma syndrome. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.