Rare Cardiology News

Advertisement

Disease Profile

Glycogen storage disease type 1A

Prevalence
Prevalence estimates on Rare Medical Network websites are calculated based on data available from numerous sources, including US and European government statistics, the NIH, Orphanet, and published epidemiologic studies. Rare disease population data is recognized to be highly variable, and based on a wide variety of source data and methodologies, so the prevalence data on this site should be assumed to be estimated and cannot be considered to be absolutely correct.

Unknown

US Estimated

Europe Estimated

Age of onset

Infancy

ageofonset-infancy.svg

ICD-10

E74.0

Inheritance

Autosomal dominant A pathogenic variant in only one gene copy in each cell is sufficient to cause an autosomal dominant disease.

no.svg

Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.

rnn-autosomalrecessive.svg

X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.

no.svg

X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.

no.svg

Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.

no.svg

Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.

no.svg

Not applicable

no.svg

Other names (AKA)

GSD1; Glycogen storage disease 1A; Von Gierke disease;

Categories

Congenital and Genetic Diseases; Digestive Diseases; Kidney and Urinary Diseases;

Summary

Glycogen storage disease type 1 is an inherited disorder caused by the buildup of a complex sugar called glycogen in the body's cells. The accumulation of glycogen in certain organs and tissues, especially the liver, kidneys, and small intestines, impairs their ability to function normally. Researchers have described two types of glycogen storage disease type 1, which differ in their signs and symptoms and genetic cause. These types are known as glycogen storage disease type IA and glycogen storage disease type IB.[1]

Glycogen storage disease type 1A is characterized by growth retardation leading to short stature and accumulation of glycogen and fat in the liver and kidneys. Although some newborns present with severe hypoglycemia, it is more common for infants to present at age three to four months with hepatomegaly, lactic acidosis, hyperuricemia, hyperlipidemia, and/or hypoglycemic seizures. Untreated children typically have doll-like faces with fat cheeks and relatively thin extremities. Xanthoma and diarrhea may be present. Impaired platelet function can lead to a bleeding tendency, making epistaxis a frequent problem.[2] Glycogen storage disease type 1A is caused by the deficiency of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) catalytic activity which results from mutations in the G6PC gene.[1][2] This condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern.[1] 

Symptoms

This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.

Medical Terms Other Names
Learn More:
HPO ID
80%-99% of people have these symptoms
Cognitive impairment
Abnormality of cognition
Cognitive abnormality
Cognitive defects
Cognitive deficits
Intellectual impairment
Mental impairment

[ more ]

0100543
Full cheeks
Apple cheeks
Big cheeks
Increased size of cheeks
Large cheeks

[ more ]

0000293
Hyperlipidemia
Elevated lipids in blood
0003077
Hyperuricemia
High blood uric acid level
0002149
Hypoglycemia
Low blood sugar
0001943
Muscular hypotonia
Low or weak muscle tone
0001252
Recurrent respiratory infections
Frequent respiratory infections
Multiple respiratory infections
respiratory infections, recurrent
Susceptibility to respiratory infections

[ more ]

0002205
Seizure
0001250
Short stature
Decreased body height
Small stature

[ more ]

0004322
5%-29% of people have these symptoms
Xanthomatosis
Yellow bumps of fatty deposits on skin
0000991
Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO
Abnormal bleeding
Bleeding tendency
0001892
Autosomal recessive inheritance
0000007
Decreased glomerular filtration rate
0012213
Decreased muscle mass
0003199
Delayed puberty
Delayed pubertal development
Delayed pubertal growth
Pubertal delay

[ more ]

0000823
Doll-like facies
Doll-like facial appearance
0000295
Elevated hepatic transaminase
High liver enzymes
0002910
Enlarged kidney
Large kidneys
0000105
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
0000097
Gout
0001997
Hepatocellular carcinoma
0001402
Hepatomegaly
Enlarged liver
0002240
Hypertension
0000822
Intermittent diarrhea
0002254
Lactic acidosis
Increased lactate in body
0003128
Lipemia retinalis
0000660
Nephrolithiasis
Kidney stones
0000787
Osteoporosis
0000939
Pancreatitis
Pancreatic inflammation
0001733
Proteinuria
High urine protein levels
Protein in urine

[ more ]

0000093
Protuberant abdomen
Belly sticks out
Extended belly

[ more ]

0001538
Xanthelasma
Fatty deposits in skin around the eyes
Fatty deposits on eyelids

[ more ]

0001114

Diagnosis

Making a diagnosis for a genetic or rare disease can often be challenging. Healthcare professionals typically look at a person’s medical history, symptoms, physical exam, and laboratory test results in order to make a diagnosis. The following resources provide information relating to diagnosis and testing for this condition. If you have questions about getting a diagnosis, you should contact a healthcare professional.

Testing Resources

  • The Genetic Testing Registry (GTR) provides information about the genetic tests for this condition. The intended audience for the GTR is health care providers and researchers. Patients and consumers with specific questions about a genetic test should contact a health care provider or a genetics professional.

    Treatment

    The resources below provide information about treatment options for this condition. If you have questions about which treatment is right for you, talk to your healthcare professional.

    Management Guidelines

    • Orphanet Emergency Guidelines is an article which is expert-authored and peer-reviewed that is intended to guide health care professionals in emergency situations involving this condition.

      Organizations

      Support and advocacy groups can help you connect with other patients and families, and they can provide valuable services. Many develop patient-centered information and are the driving force behind research for better treatments and possible cures. They can direct you to research, resources, and services. Many organizations also have experts who serve as medical advisors or provide lists of doctors/clinics. Visit the group’s website or contact them to learn about the services they offer. Inclusion on this list is not an endorsement by GARD.

      Organizations Supporting this Disease

        Organizations Providing General Support

          Learn more

          These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.

          Where to Start

          • The American Liver Foundation provides information about glycogen storage disease type 1. Click on the link to view this information.
          • MedlinePlus was designed by the National Library of Medicine to help you research your health questions, and it provides more information about this topic.
          • Genetics Home Reference (GHR) contains information on Glycogen storage disease type 1A. This website is maintained by the National Library of Medicine.
          • The Merck Manuals Online Medical Library provides information on this condition for patients and caregivers.
          • The National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) has a report for patients and families about this condition. NORD is a patient advocacy organization for individuals with rare diseases and the organizations that serve them.

            In-Depth Information

            • GeneReviews provides current, expert-authored, peer-reviewed, full-text articles describing the application of genetic testing to the diagnosis, management, and genetic counseling of patients with specific inherited conditions.
            • Medscape Reference provides information on this topic. You may need to register to view the medical textbook, but registration is free.
            • The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
            • Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. 
            • Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
            • PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Glycogen storage disease type 1A. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.

              References

              1. Glycogen storage disease type I. Genetics Home Reference (GHR). 2010; https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/glycogen-storage-disease-type-i. Accessed 12/8/2010.
              2. Bali DS, Chen YT. Glycogen Storage Disease Type I. GeneReviews. 2008; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1312/. Accessed 12/8/2010.