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Disease Profile
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Prevalence estimates on Rare Medical Network websites are calculated based on data available from numerous sources, including US and European government statistics, the NIH, Orphanet, and published epidemiologic studies. Rare disease population data is recognized to be highly variable, and based on a wide variety of source data and methodologies, so the prevalence data on this site should be assumed to be estimated and cannot be considered to be absolutely correct.
1-5 / 10 000
Age of onset
Adult
ICD-10
G93.2
Inheritance
Autosomal dominant A pathogenic variant in only one gene copy in each cell is sufficient to cause an autosomal dominant disease.
Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.
X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.
X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.
Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.
Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.
Not applicable
Other names (AKA)
Intracranial hypertension, idiopathic; Pseudotumor cerebri; IIH
Categories
Nervous System Diseases
Summary
Idiopathic intracranial
While the exact underlying cause of IIH is not known (idiopathic), it is likely due to high fluid pressure within the skull that is due to buildup, or poor absorption, of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). IIH most often (but not always) occurs in young, overweight, females. When symptoms of intracranial pressure have an identifiable cause such as another underlying disease or medication, the condition is instead referred to as secondary IH.
Treatment for IIH may include medications called carbonic anhydrase inhibitors to control the production of CSF. In some cases, weight loss may also be recommended. However, medications and/or weight loss are not effective in all cases. In severe cases that do not respond to medication and weight loss, surgery may be needed to relieve symptoms and/or preserve vision.[1][2]
Symptoms
This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.
Medical Terms | Other Names |
Learn More:
HPO ID
|
---|---|---|
80%-99% of people have these symptoms | ||
Increased intracranial pressure |
Rise in pressure inside skull
|
0002516 |
30%-79% of people have these symptoms | ||
Allergy | 0012393 | |
Obesity |
Having too much body fat
|
0001513 |
Papilledema | 0001085 | |
5%-29% of people have these symptoms | ||
Abnormal emotion/affect behavior | 0100851 | |
Blurred vision | 0000622 | |
Diplopia |
Double vision
|
0000651 |
Nausea | 0002018 | |
Photophobia |
Extreme sensitivity of the eyes to light
Light hypersensitivity
[ more ] |
0000613 |
Scintillating scotoma | 0010822 | |
Sleep disturbance |
Difficulty sleeping
Trouble sleeping
[ more ] |
0002360 |
Visual loss |
Loss of vision
Vision loss
[ more ] |
0000572 |
Vomiting |
Throwing up
|
0002013 |
1%-4% of people have these symptoms | ||
Back pain | 0003418 | |
Depressivity |
Depression
|
0000716 |
Focal sensory |
0011161 | |
Lethargy | 0001254 | |
Migraine |
Intermittent migraine headaches
Migraine headache
Migraine headaches
[ more ] |
0002076 |
Pulsatile tinnitus | 0008629 | |
Vertigo |
Dizzy spell
|
0002321 |
Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO | ||
0000007 | ||
0000822 |
Treatment
Medications that may be used to reduce CSF build-up and relieve intracranial pressure include acetazolamide and furosemide. Weight loss through dieting or weight loss surgery may also be recommended for people with IIH who are overweight or obese, although this does not lead to improvement of symptoms in all cases. If the above management options are not successful and symptoms are severe or permanent vision loss is possible, surgery may be needed. Types of surgery that may be needed may include a procedure to remove pressure on the optic nerve (optic nerve sheath fenestration), and CSF shunting, which involves surgically inserting a tube to drain cerebrospinal fluid.[1][2]
Organizations
Support and advocacy groups can help you connect with other patients and families, and they can provide valuable services. Many develop patient-centered information and are the driving force behind research for better treatments and possible cures. They can direct you to research, resources, and services. Many organizations also have experts who serve as medical advisors or provide lists of doctors/clinics. Visit the group’s website or contact them to learn about the services they offer. Inclusion on this list is not an endorsement by GARD.
Organizations Supporting this Disease
-
American Migraine Foundation (AMF)
19 Mantua Rd.
Mount Royal, NJ 08061
Telephone: 856-423-0043
Fax: 856-423-0082
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/ -
Intracranial Hypertension Research Foundation
6517 Buena Vista Drive
Vancouver, WA 98661
Telephone: +1-360-693-4473
Fax: +1-360-694-7062
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: https://ihrfoundation.org
Learn more
These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.
Where to Start
- The Mayo Clinic Web site provides further information on Idiopathic intracranial hypertension.
- MedlinePlus was designed by the National Library of Medicine to help you research your health questions, and it provides more information about this topic.
- The Merck Manual provides information on this condition for patients and caregivers.
- The National Eye Institute (NEI) was established by Congress in 1968 to protect and prolong the vision of the American people. Click on the link to view information on this topic.
- The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) collects and disseminates research information related to neurological disorders. Click on the link to view information on this topic.
- The National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) has a report for patients and families about this condition. NORD is a patient advocacy organization for individuals with rare diseases and the organizations that serve them.
In-Depth Information
- Medscape Reference provides information on this topic. You may need to register to view the medical textbook, but registration is free.
- The Merck Manual for health care professionals provides information on Idiopathic intracranial hypertension.
- The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
- Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
- Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
- PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.
Selected Full-Text Journal Articles
- Mollan SP, et al. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension: consensus guidelines on management. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2018;89:1088–1100
References
- NINDS Pseudotumor Cerebri Information Page. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). May 24, 2017; https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Pseudotumor-Cerebri-Information-Page.
- Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension. National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD). 2015; https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension/.
- Pseudotumor cerebri. MedlinePlus. February 3, 2015; https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000351.htm.
- Wakerley B, Tan M, Ting E. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Cephalalgia. March, 2015; 35(3):248-261. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24847166.
- Gans MS. Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension. Medscape Reference. May 17, 2017; https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1214410.
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